Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-637-2015
https://doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-637-2015
11 Mar 2015
 | 11 Mar 2015
Status: this discussion paper is a preprint. It has been under review for the journal Climate of the Past (CP). The manuscript was not accepted for further review after discussion.

Trace metal evidence for a poorly ventilated glacial Southern Ocean

M. Wagner and I. L. Hendy

Abstract. Glacial benthic δ13C and Δ14C measurements from the Atlantic Ocean have been interpreted to indicate the existence of a poorly ventilated Southern Ocean with greater CO2 and nutrient contents compared to present. Enhanced storage of CO2 in the deep ocean predicts that oxygen concentrations should have declined at the same time, although no unequivocal evidence for glacial Southern Ocean suboxia has yet been found. Here we take a novel approach by using concentrations of redox-sensitive trace metals to show that Southern Ocean sediments from two cores in the Atlantic sector were suboxic during deglaciation and the last glacial period, implying reduced ventilation and/or elevated export production that significantly altered deep water chemistry. In the Cape Basin, high concentrations of the authigenically deposited trace metal Re coincide with oldest Δ14C values at 3.8 km water depth in the Subantarctic Zone, indicating that poorest Southern Ocean ventilation occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum (~ 23–19 ka). Furthermore, trace metal results suggest that the vertical structure of the glacial Southern Ocean differed from modern deep water mass arrangement such that Lower Circumpolar Deep Water had lower O2 concentrations, and therefore was the likely reservoir of glacial CO2.

M. Wagner and I. L. Hendy
 
Status: closed
Status: closed
AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment
Printer-friendly Version - Printer-friendly version Supplement - Supplement
 
Status: closed
Status: closed
AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment
Printer-friendly Version - Printer-friendly version Supplement - Supplement
M. Wagner and I. L. Hendy
M. Wagner and I. L. Hendy

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Short summary
Trace metal (Ag, Cd, Re, Mo) concentrations in glacial-age, Atlantic sector Southern Ocean sediments that are similar to those found in modern sediments underlying oxygen minimum zones (e.g., Eastern Pacific) imply that the glacial Southern Ocean was significantly less well ventilated than present. These data point to a glacial equivalent of Lower Circumpolar Deep Water as the low-oxygen water mass, and the potential storage location of the ‘missing’ glacial CO2.