CPD Climate of the Past Discussions CPD 1814-9359 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/cpd-8-1275-2012 Isotopic and lithologic variations of one precisely dated stalagmite across the Medieval/LIA period from Heilong Cave, Central China Cui Y. F. 1 Wang Y. J. 1 Cheng H. 2 3 Zhao K. 1 Kong X. G. 1 College of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097, China Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA 17 04 2012 8 2 1275 1300 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/8/1275/2012/cpd-8-1275-2012.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/8/1275/2012/cpd-8-1275-2012.pdf

Lithologic and isotopic changes of one stalagmite (224 mm in length) from Heilong Cave, Central China, are here investigated in order to explore multiple speleothem proxies of monsoon climate. High uranium concentrations (6–10 ppm) ensure Th-230 dates precisely and resultant chronology ranges from ~790 AD to 1780 across the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) to Little Ice Age (LIA). Annually resolved oxygen and carbon isotopic data, gray level and elemental Sr are highly related to macroscopic lithologic changes. A lamination sequence is composed of alternations of white-porous and dark-compact calcite clearly discerned on the polished surface. The dark-compact laminae have low values of gray level, high Sr and &delta;<sup>13</sup>C values, indicating periods of low growth rate under dry climate conditions, and vise versa for the white-porous laminae. This suggests that changes in hydrology, matter input of drip water and crystallization process were controlled by cave environments and climates. The alternation of dry and wet periods with a significant periodicity of ~90 yr, as indicated by spectral analysis of the multiple proxies, is further supported by a reconstructed precipitation index by historical documents and instrumental data extending back to 1470 AD. A strong coherence between monsoon proxy of calcite &delta;<sup>18</sup>O and the other proxies was observed during the LIA but not during the MWP. This is likely due to changes in atmospheric circulation pattern at the boundary of MWP/LIA. When the Intertropical Convergence Zone shifted southward during the LIA, summer monsoon precipitation at the cave site was probably dominated by the Mei-Yu, resulting in water vapor mainly originated from adjacent oceanic sources.

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