Climate of the Past Discussions www.clim-past-discuss.net 1814-9340 1814-9359 6 1 2010 10.5194/cpd-6-35-2010 http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/6/35/2010/ http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/6/35/2010/cpd-6-35-2010.html http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/6/35/2010/cpd-6-35-2010.pdf 35 61 2010-02-02 Arctic marine climate of the early nineteenth century P. Brohan C. Ward G. Willetts C. Wilkinson R. Allan D. Wheeler Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK Sunderland University, Sunderland, UK University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK The climate of the early nineteenth century is likely to have been significantly cooler than that of today, as it was a period of low solar activity (the Dalton minimum) and followed a series of large volcanic eruptions. Proxy reconstructions of the temperature of the period do not agree well on the size of the temperature change, so other observational records from the period are particularly valuable. Weather observations have been extracted from the reports of the noted whaling captain William Scoresby Jr., and from the records of a series of Royal Navy expeditions to the Arctic, preserved in the UK National Archives. They demonstrate that marine climate in 1810–25 was marked by consistently cold summers, with abundant sea-ice. But although the period was significantly colder than the modern average, there was a lot of variability: in the Greenland Sea the summers following the Tambora eruption (1816 and 1817) were noticeably warmer, and had lower sea-ice coverage, than the years immediately preceding them; and the sea-ice coverage in Lancaster Sound in 1819 and 1820 was low even by modern standards. Allan, R J. and Ansell, T J.: A new globally complete monthly historical gridded mean sea level pressure data set (HadSLP2): 1850–2003, J. Climate, 19, 5816–5842, 2006. Austin, H F.: A log of the proceedings on board H.M.S. 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