Climate of the Past Discussions www.clim-past-discuss.net 1814-9340 1814-9359 6 3 2010 10.5194/cpd-6-1139-2010 http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/6/1139/2010/ http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/6/1139/2010/cpd-6-1139-2010.html http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/6/1139/2010/cpd-6-1139-2010.pdf 1139 1162 2010-06-10 Questions of importance to the conservation of global biological diversity: answers from the past K. J. Willis kathy.willis@ouce.ox.ac.uk S. A. Bhagwat Long-term Ecology Laboratory, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK Department of Biology, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7803, 5020 Bergen, Norway Paleoecological records are replete with examples of biotic responses to past climate change and human impact but how can we use these records in the conservation of current and future biodiversity? A recently published list of One Hundred Questions of Importance to the Conservation of Global Biological Diversity (Sutherland et al., 2009) highlights a number of key research questions that need a temporal perspective. Many of these questions are related to the determination of ecological processes in order to assess ecosystem function and services, climate change-integrated conservation strategies, and ecosystem management and restoration. However, it is noticeable that not a single contributor to this list was from the paleo-research community and that extremely few paleo-records are ever used in the development of terrestrial conservation management plans. This lack of dialogue between conservationists and the paleo-community is partially driven by a perception that the data provided by paleoecological records are purely descriptive and not of relevance to the day-to-day management and conservation of biological diversity. 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