CPD Climate of the Past Discussions CPD 1814-9359 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/cpd-5-1763-2009 Stable isotope records for the last 10 000 years from Okshola cave (Fauske, northern Norway), and regional comparisons Linge H. 1 2 Lauritzen S.-E. 1 Andersson C. 1 2 Hansen J. K. 1 Skoglund R. Ø. 1 Sundqvist H. S. 3 4 Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden 01 07 2009 5 4 1763 1802 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/5/1763/2009/cpd-5-1763-2009.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/5/1763/2009/cpd-5-1763-2009.pdf

The sensitivity of terrestrial environments to past changes in heat transport is expected to be manifested in Holocene climate proxy records on millennial to seasonal timescales. Stalagmite formation in the Okshola cave near Fauske (northern Norway) began at about 10.4 ka, soon after the valley was deglaciated. Past monitoring of the cave and surface has revealed stable modern conditions with uniform drip rates, relative humidity and temperature. Stable isotope records from two stalagmites provide time-series spanning from ca. 10 380 yr to AD 1997; a banded, multi-coloured stalagmite (Oks82) was formed between 10 380 yr and 5050 yr, whereas a pristine, white stalagmite (FM3) covers the period from ~7500 yr to the present. The stable oxygen isotope (&delta;<sup>18</sup>O<sub>c</sub>), stable carbon isotope (&delta;<sup>13</sup>C<sub>c</sub>), and growth rate records are interpreted as showing i) a negative correlation between cave/surface temperature and &delta;<sup>18</sup>O<sub>c</sub>, ii) a positive correlation between wetness and &delta;<sup>13</sup>C<sub>c</sub>, and iii) a positive correlation between temperature and growth rate. Following this, the data from Okshola show that the Holocene was characterised by high-variability climate in the early part, low-variability climate in the middle part, and high-variability climate and shifts between two distinct modes in the late part. <br><br> A total of nine Scandinavian stalagmite &delta;<sup>18</sup>O<sub>c</sub> records of comparable dating precision are now available for parts or most of the Holocene. None of them show a clear Holocene thermal optimum, suggesting that they are influenced by annual mean temperature (cave temperature) rather than seasonal temperature. For the last 1000 yr, &delta;<sup>18</sup>O<sub>c</sub> display a depletion-enrichment-depletion pattern commonly interpreted as reflecting the conventional view on climate development for the last millennium. Although the &delta;<sup>18</sup>O<sub>c</sub> records show similar patterns and amplitudes of change, the main challenges for utilising high-latitude stalagmites as palaeoclimate archives are i) the accuracy of the age models, ii) the ambiguity of the proxy signals, and iii) calibration with monitoring data.

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