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<article language="en">
	<journal>
		<journal_title>Climate of the Past Discussions</journal_title>
		<journal_url>www.clim-past-discuss.net</journal_url>
		<issn>1814-9340</issn>
		<eissn>1814-9359</eissn>
		<volume_number>5</volume_number>
		<issue_number>2</issue_number>
		<publication_year>2009</publication_year>
	</journal>
	<doi>10.5194/cpd-5-1133-2009</doi>
	<article_url>http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/5/1133/2009/</article_url>
	<abstract_html>http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/5/1133/2009/cpd-5-1133-2009.html</abstract_html>
	<fulltext_pdf>http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/5/1133/2009/cpd-5-1133-2009.pdf</fulltext_pdf>
	<start_page>1133</start_page>
	<end_page>1162</end_page>
	<publication_date>2009-03-23</publication_date>
	<article_title content_type="html">Sources of holocene variability of oxygen isotopes in paleoclimate archives</article_title>
	<authors>
		<author numeration="1" affiliations="1">
			<name>A. N. LeGrande</name>
			<email>legrande@giss.nasa.gov</email>
		</author>
		<author numeration="2" affiliations="1">
			<name>G. A. Schmidt</name>
		</author>
	</authors>
	<affiliations>
		<affiliation numeration="1" content_type="html">NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA</affiliation>
	</affiliations>
	<abstract content_type="html">Variability in water isotopes has been captured in numerous archives and
used to infer climate change. Here we examine water isotope variability over
the course of the Holocene using the water-isotope enabled, coupled
atmosphere-ocean general circulation model, GISS ModelE-R. Eight Holocene
time slices, mostly 1000 years apart are simulated using estimated changes
in orbital configuration, greenhouse gases, and ice sheet extent. We find
that water isotopes in the model match well with those captured in proxy
climate archives in ice cores, ocean sediment cores, and speleothems. The
climate changes associated with the water isotope changes, however, are more
complex than simple modern analog interpretations. In particular, water
isotope variability in Asian speleothems is linked to alterations in
landward water vapor transport, not local precipitation, and ice sheet
changes over North America lead to masking of temperature signals in Summit,
Greenland. Salinity-seawater isotope variability is complicated by
inter-ocean basin exchanges of water vapor. Water isotopes do reflect
variability in the hydrologic cycle, but are better interpreted in terms of
regional changes rather than local climate variables.</abstract>
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</article>

