Climate of the Past Discussions www.clim-past-discuss.net 1814-9340 1814-9359 4 3 2008 10.5194/cpd-4-761-2008 http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/4/761/2008/ http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/4/761/2008/cpd-4-761-2008.html http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/4/761/2008/cpd-4-761-2008.pdf 761 789 2008-06-19 The southern hemisphere at glacial terminations: insights from the Dome C ice core R. Röthlisberger rro@bas.ac.uk M. Mudelsee M. Bigler M. de Angelis H. Fischer M. Hansson F. Lambert V. Masson-Delmotte L. Sime R. Udisti E. W. Wolff British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK Climate Risk Analysis, Hannover, Germany Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement, Grenoble, France Alfred Wegener Institut, Bremerhaven, Germany Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, Switzerland Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, Sweden Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Italy The many different proxy records from the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dome C ice core allow for the first time a comparison of nine glacial terminations in great detail. Despite the fact that all terminations cover the transition from a glacial maximum into an interglacial, there are large differences between single terminations. For some terminations, Antarctic temperature increased only moderately, while for others, the amplitude of change at the termination was much larger. For the different terminations, the rate of change in temperature is more similar than the magnitude or duration of change. These temperature changes were accompanied by vast changes in dust and sea salt deposition all over Antarctica. Here we investigate the phasing between a South American dust proxy (non-sea-salt calcium flux, nssCa), a sea ice proxy (sea salt sodium flux, ssNa) and a proxy for Antarctic temperature (deuterium, δD). In particular, we look into whether a similar sequence of events applies to all terminations, despite their different characteristics. All proxies are derived from the EPICA Dome C ice core, resulting in a relative dating uncertainty between the proxies of less than 20 years. At the start of the terminations, the temperature (δD) increase and dust (nssCa flux) decrease start synchronously. The sea ice proxy (ssNa flux), however, only changes once the temperature has reached a particular threshold, approximately 5°C below present day temperatures (corresponding to a δD value of –420&permil;). This reflects to a large extent the limited sensitivity of the sea ice proxy during very cold periods with large sea ice extent. At terminations where this threshold is not reached (TVI, TVIII), ssNa flux shows no changes. Above this threshold, the sea ice proxy is closely coupled to the Antarctic temperature, and interglacial levels are reached at the same time for both ssNa and δD. On the other hand, once another threshold at approximately 2°C below present day temperature is passed (corresponding to a δD value of –402&permil;), nssCa flux has reached interglacial levels and does not change any more, despite further warming. 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