This experimental work addresses the need for high-resolution, long and homogeneous climatic time series that facilitate the study of climate variability over time scales of decades to millennia. We present a high-resolution record of foraminiferal δ<sup>18</sup>O from a Central Mediterranean sediment core that covers the last two millennia. The record was analyzed using advanced spectral methods and shows highly significant oscillatory components with periods of roughly 600, 350, 200, 125 and 11 years. Comparison with the spectra of composite temperature-proxy series over the last millennium reveals that the δ<sup>18</sup>O trend and 200-y components are well correlated with the long-term Northern Hemisphere temperature variations over the last millennium, showing a maximum at the Medieval Optimum and a shallower local minimum at the Little Ice Age. In the preceding millennium the same δ<sup>18</sup>O components also reveal a deep maximum (temperature minimum) at about 0 AD.