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<article language="en">
	<journal>
		<journal_title>Climate of the Past Discussions</journal_title>
		<journal_url>www.clim-past-discuss.net</journal_url>
		<issn>1814-9340</issn>
		<eissn>1814-9359</eissn>
		<volume_number>3</volume_number>
		<issue_number>3</issue_number>
		<publication_year>2007</publication_year>
	</journal>
	<doi>10.5194/cpd-3-771-2007</doi>
	<article_url>http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/3/771/2007/</article_url>
	<abstract_html>http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/3/771/2007/cpd-3-771-2007.html</abstract_html>
	<fulltext_pdf>http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/3/771/2007/cpd-3-771-2007.pdf</fulltext_pdf>
	<start_page>771</start_page>
	<end_page>789</end_page>
	<publication_date>2007-05-15</publication_date>
	<article_title content_type="html">Tropical cooling and the onset of North American glaciation</article_title>
	<authors>
		<author numeration="1" affiliations="1">
			<name>P. Huybers</name>
			<email>phuybers@fas.harvard.edu</email>
		</author>
		<author numeration="2" affiliations="2">
			<name>P. Molnar</name>
		</author>
	</authors>
	<affiliations>
		<affiliation numeration="1" content_type="html">Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, USA</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="2" content_type="html">Department of Geological Sciences and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder CO, USA</affiliation>
	</affiliations>
	<abstract content_type="html">We offer a test of the idea that gradual cooling in the eastern
  tropical Pacific led to cooling of North America and the initiation
  of glaciation ~3 Myr ago.  Using modern climate data we
  estimate how warming of the eastern tropical Pacific affects North
  American temperature and ice-ablation.  Assuming that the modern
  relationship holds over the past millions of years, an eastern
  tropical Pacific warmer by ~4&amp;deg; between 3&amp;ndash;5 Ma would
  increase ablation in northern North America by approximately two
  meters per year.  By comparison, a similar estimate of the ablation
  response to variations in Earth&apos;s obliquity gives less than half the
  magnitude of the tropically-induced change.  Considering that
  variations in Earth&apos;s obliquity appear sufficient to initiate
  glaciations between ~1&amp;ndash;3 Ma, we infer that the warmer eastern
  equatorial Pacific prior to 3 Ma suffices to preclude glaciation.</abstract>
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</article>

