Climate of the Past Discussions www.clim-past-discuss.net 1814-9340 1814-9359 3 2 2007 10.5194/cpd-3-655-2007 http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/3/655/2007/ http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/3/655/2007/cpd-3-655-2007.html http://www.clim-past-discuss.net/3/655/2007/cpd-3-655-2007.pdf 655 678 2007-03-23 The LGM surface climate and atmospheric circulation over East Asia and the North Pacific in the PMIP2 coupled model simulations W. Yanase yanase@ccsr.u-tokyo.ac.jp A. Abe-Ouchi Center for Climate System Research, The University of Tokyo Frontier Research Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology The surface climate and atmospheric circulation over East Asia and the North Pacific at the last glacial maximum has been investigated using the outputs from several coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model in PMIP2 database. In boreal summer, the weakening of high pressure over the North Pacific and less precipitation over East Asia are analyzed in most models. The reduced moisture transport seems to result in the less precipitation over East Asia. In boreal winter, the intensification of the Aleutian low and southward shift of the upper-level jet are analyzed in most models. Some of these results are consistent with geological records such as pollen, lake status and dust transport. Broccoli, A J. and Manabe, S.: The influence of continental ice, atmospheric $CO_2$, and land albedo on the climate of the last glacial maximum, Clim. Dyn., 1, 87–99, 1987. Bush, A. B G. and Philander, S. G H.: The climate of the Last Glacial Maximum: Results from a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 24 509–24 525, 1999. Dong, B. and Valdes, P J.: Simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum climates using a general circulation model: prescribed versus computed sea surface temperatures, Clim. Dyn., 14, 571–591, 1998. Donghuai, S.: Monsoon and westerly circulation changes recorded the Late Cenozoic aeolian sequences of Northern China, Global and Planetary Change, 41, 63–80, 2004. Hall, N. M J., Valdes, P J., and Dong, B.: The maintaenance of the last great ice sheets: a UGAMP GCM study, J. Clim., 9, 1004–1009, 1996a. Hall, N. M J., Valdes, P J., and Dong, B.: The maintaenance of the last great ice sheets: a UGAMP GCM study, J. Clim., 9, 1004–1009, 1996b. Hewitt, C D., Stouffer, R J., Broccoli, A J., Mitchell, J. F B., and Valdes, P J.: The effect of ocean dynamics in a coupled GCM simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum, Clim. Dyn, 20, 203–218, 2003. Kageyama, M., La\^iné, A., Abe-Ouchi, A., Braconnot, P., Cortijo, E., Crucifix, M., deVernal, A., Guiot, J., Hewitt, C D., Kitoh, A., Kucera, M., Marti, O., Ohgaito, R., Otto-Bliesner, B., Peltier, W R., Rosell-Melé, A., Vettoretti, G., Weber, S L., Yu, Y., and MARGO Project Members: Last Glacial Maximum temperatures over the North Atlantic, Europe, and western Siberia: A comparison between PMIP models, MARGO sea-surface temperatures and pollen-based reconstructions, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 25, 2082–2102, 2006. Kim, S., Flato, G M., and Boer, G J.: A coupled climate model simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum, Part 2: approach to equilibrium, Clim. Dyn., 20, 635–661, 2003. Kitoh, A. and Murakami, S.: A simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum with a coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2221–2224, 2001a. Kitoh, A. and Murakami, S.: A simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum with a coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2221–2224, 2001b. Knutson, T R. and Manabe, S.: Time-mean response over tropical pacific to increased CO2 in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model, J. Clim., 8, 2181–2199, 1995. Kohfeld, K E. and Harrison, S P.: How well can we simulate past climates? Evaluating the models using global palaeoenvironmental datasets, Quart. Sci. Rev., 19, 321–346, 2000. Kutzbach, J., Gallimore, R., Harrison, S., Behling, P., Selin, R., and Laarif, F.: Climate and BIOME simulations for the past 21 000 years, Quart. Sci. Rev., 17, 473–506, 1998. Kutzbach, J E. and Wright, E.: Simulation of the climate of 18 000 years BP: results for the North American / North Atlantic/ Europian sector and comparison with the geological record of North America, Quarternary Sci. Rev., 4, 147–185, 1985. Liu, J., Yu, G., and Chen, X.: Palaeoclimate simulation of 21 ka for the Tibetan Plateau and Eastern Asia, Clim. Dyn., 19, 575–583, 2002. Masson-Delomtte, V., Kageyama, M., Braconnot, P., Charbit, S., Krinner, G., Ritz, C., Guilyardi, E., Jouzel, J., Abe-Ouchi, A., Crucifix, M., Gladstone, R M., Hewitt, C D., Kitoh, A., Ohgaito, R., Otto-Bliesner, B., Peltier, W R., Ross, I., Valdes, P J., Vettoretti, G., Weber, S L., Wolk, F., and Y.Yu: Past and future polar amplification of climate change: climate model intercomparisons and ice-core constraints, Clim. Dyn., 27, 437–440, 2006. Miyasaka, T. and Nakamura, H.: Structure and formation mechanism of the northern hemisphere summertime subtropical highs, J. Clim., 18, 5046–5065, 2005. Nagashima, K., Tada, R., Matsui, H., Irino, T., Tani, A., and Toyoda, S.: Orbital- and Millenial-scale variations in Asian dust transport path to the Japan Sea, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol, in press, 2007. Nakamura, H., Sampe, T., Tanimoto, Y., and Shimpo, A.: Observed associations among strom tracks, jet streams and midlatitude oceanic fronts, Geophys. Mono. Ser., 147, 329–345, 2004. Oba, T. and Murayama, M.: Sea-surface temperature and salinity changes in the northwest Pacific since the Last Glacial Maximum, J. Quaternary Sci., 19, 335–346, 2004. Peltier, W R.: Global glacial isostasy and the surface of the ice-age Earth: the ICE-5G (VM2) model and GRACE, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 32, 111–149, 2004. Rind, D.: Components of the ice age circulation, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4241–4281, 1987. Rodwell, M J. and Hoskins, B J.: Subtropical amticyclones and summer monsoons, J. Clim., 14, 3192–3211, 2001. Shin, S I., Liu, Z., Otto-Bliesner, B., Brady, E C., Kutzbach, J E., and Harrison, S P.: A simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum climate using the NCAR-CCSM, Clim. Dyn., 20, 127–151, 2003. Uppala, S., Kallberg, P., Simmons, A., Andrae, U., da~Costa~Bechtold, V., Fiorino, M., Gibson, J., Haseler, J., Hernandez, A., Kelly, G., Li, X., Onogi, K., Saarinen, S., Sokka, N., Allan, R., Andersson, E., Arpe, K., Balmaseda, M., Beljaars, A., van~de Berg, L., Bidlot, J., Bormann, N., Caires, S., Chevallier, F., Dethof, A., Dragosavac, M., Fisher, M., Fuentes, M., Hagemann, S., Holm, E., Hoskins, B., Isaksen, L., Janssen, P., Jenne, R., McNally, A., Mahfouf, J.-F., Morcrette, J.-J., Rayner, N., Saunders, R., Simon, P., Sterl, A., Trenberth, K., Untch, A., Vasiljevic, D., Viterbo, P., and Woollen, J.: The ERA-40 re-analysis, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 131, 2961–3012, 2005. Vettoretti, G., Peltier, W R., and McFarlane, N A.: Global water balance and atmospheric water vapour transport at last glacial maximum: climate simulations with the Canadian Climate Center for Modelling and Analysis atmospheric general circulation model., Can. J. Earth Sci., 37, 695–723, 2000. Yu, G., Chen, X., Ni, J., Cheddai, R., Guiot, J., H Han, S. P H., Huang, C., Ke, M., Kong, Z., Li, S., Li, W., Liew, P., Liu, G., Liu, J., Liu, Q., Liu, K.-B., Prentice, I C., Qui, W., Ren, G., Song, C., Sugita, S., Sun, X., Tang, L., Campo, E V., Xia, Y., Xu, Q., Yan, S., Yang, X., Zhao, J., and Zheng, Z.: Palaeovegetation of China: a pollen data-based syntesis for the mid-Holocene and last glacial maximum, J. Biogeogr, 27, 635–664, 2000.